Friday, May 14, 2010

Clinical Pharmacokinetics: Concepts and Applications


Clinical Pharmacokinetics: Concepts and Applications


Since pharmacokinetics can greatly affect how different patients respond to the same drug, both students and physicians need a basic clinical understanding of this vital area. The Third Edition of "Clinical Pharmacokinetics" provides a practical perspective, with these added features: considerations of both stereochemistry and the increasingnumber of polypeptide and protein drugs being developed; the rangeand number of problems at the end of each chapter has been expanded; a second color added to make the text more user friendly; and, important equations highlighted by shading. 

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Friday, March 19, 2010

Dielectric Analysis Of Pharmaceutical Systems


Dielectric Analysis Of Pharmaceutical Systems


Dielectric analysis is a technique used particularly in quality controlling drug samples. This guide to the dielectric analysis of pharmaceutical systems serves both as an introduction to the technique and as a spring board for further studies of Pharmaceutical Systems.

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Robustness of Analytical Chemical Methods and Pharmaceutical Technological Products


Robustness of Analytical Chemical Methods and Pharmaceutical Technological Products


Hardbound. In analytical chemistry and pharmaceutical technology attention is increasingly focussed on improving the quality of methods and products. This book aims at fostering the awareness of the potential of existing mathematical and statistical methods to improve this quality. It provides procedures and ideas on how to make a product or a method less sensitive to small variations in influencing factors. Major issues covered are robustness and stability improvement and ruggedness testing. General strategies and a theoretical introduction to these methods are described, and thorough overviews of methods used in both application areas and descriptions of practical applications are given.
Features of this book:
• Gives a good overview of mathematical and statistical methods used in two application areas, i.e. pharmaceutical technology and analytical chemistry
• Illustrates the different approaches available to attain robustness

Essentials of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 3rd Edition


Essentials of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 3rd Edition


It covers the core information required by pharmacy students to understand the action of modern drugs on the human body.The third edition is larger than the previous edition and includes a new chapter on licensing of drugs and medicines which describes the make up and function of important committees such as the Commission of Human Medicines and the British Pharmacopoeia Commission. This includes material that is within the public domain and explains the process of getting a drug to market.The majority of the chapters include more worked examples/tutorial examples and the chapter on Analyticalspectroscopy has been updated to include "qualitative" spectroscopicmethods especially NMR, mass spectroscopy and some IR and the chapter on Stability of drugs and medicines has been updated to include a major section on "prodrugs" which are inactive compounds designed to decompose within the body to release the active moiety.

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Starch, Third Edition: Chemistry and Technology The third edition of this long-serving successful reference work is a 'must-have' reference for anyone needing or desiring an understanding of the structure, chemistry, properties, production and uses of starches and their derivatives. * Everything needed to evaluate and apply the appropriate starch-based solution * Explores the genetics, biochemistry, and physical structure of starches * Includes specific information on corn, wheat, potato, rice, rye, oat and barley-based starches * Presents new application trends for starch Download


Starch, Third Edition: Chemistry and Technology


The third edition of this long-serving successful reference work is a 'must-have' reference for anyone needing or desiring an understanding of the structure, chemistry, properties, production and uses of starches and their derivatives. 

* Everything needed to evaluate and apply the appropriate starch-based solution
* Explores the genetics, biochemistry, and physical structure of starches
* Includes specific information on corn, wheat, potato, rice, rye, oat and barley-based starches
* Presents new application trends for starch


The third edition of this long-serving successful reference work is a 'must-have' reference for anyone needing or desiring an understanding of the structure, chemistry, properties, production and uses of starches and their derivatives. 

* Everything needed to evaluate and apply the appropriate starch-based solution
* Explores the genetics, biochemistry, and physical structure of starches
* Includes specific information on corn, wheat, potato, rice, rye, oat and barley-based starches
* Presents new application trends for starch

Encyclopedia of Pharmaceutical Technology, Volume 20


Encyclopedia of Pharmaceutical Technology, Volume 20


AAI, Inc., Wilmington, NC. An encyclopedia of pharmaceutical technology, offering a collection of entries on a number of subjects, from drug delivery to process chemistry in the pharmaceutical industry. Lists the contents for all 20 volumes in the set. DNLM: Chemistry, Pharmaceutical-encyclopedias.

Managing Pharmacy Practice: Principles, Strategies, and Systems


Managing Pharmacy Practice: Principles, Strategies, and Systems


The myriad changes in health care and health care delivery have transformed the pharmacist's role within those systems. Reflecting these changes, Managing Pharmacy Practice: Principles, Strategies, and Systems delineates the managerial issues pharmacists face today and those that they will face in the future. Highlighting the growing impact of technology throughout pharmacy and healthcare, the book underlines the challenges of this rapidly evolving profession and explores strategies for success. Touching on basic management theory and thoroughly discussing systems theory, the text supplies the groundwork for analyzing managerial systems. This systems approach will allow the reader to understand the contextual relationships between seemingly disparate concepts. For example, the discussion of professionals and their role in society is juxtaposed with discussions of organizational designs and power. With contributions from leaders in fields as diverse as pharmacy, human resources, education, and management writing about their experiences, the book presents a broad overview of the complexities and intricacies inherent in managing systems in pharmacy.

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Jobs in the Drug Industry: A Career Guide for Chemists


Jobs in the Drug Industry: A Career Guide for Chemists


This book is intended to help newly graduated chemists, particularly organic chemists, at all levels from bachelors to post-doctorates, find careers in the North American pharmaceutical industry. It will serve as a practical, detailed guiedbook for job seekers as well a reference work for faculty advisers, research supervisors, development officers, employment agents, and personnel managers in the industry. The book gathers in a single volume the fundamentals of getting an industrial job as a medicinal or process chemist, and covers all aspects of a chemist's job--scientific, financial, and managerial--within a pharmaceutical/biotechnology company. Other scientists looking for jobs as analytical or physical chemists and even biochemists and biologists will find the book useful. The valuable appendix is a unique compendium of 365 commercial, governmental, or non-profit institutions that comprise the North American pharmaceutical industry.

Key Features
* Learn How To:
* Discover the 12 permanent, big-pharma jobs for B.S. chemists
* Use the 500+ company index to locate potential employers
* Track pharma openings with 190+ corporate and chemist-specific job banks
* Add industry veterans to your employment network
* Find the 50+ companies offering paid summer internships to students
* Include the one resume item that wins interviews for B.S. and M.S. chemists
* Express a knowledgeable preference for drug discovery or development
* Research over 360 drug companies through their Web sites
* Discover the 70+ firms offering stock purchase plans or stock options¾and which two represent big pharma
* Find out your salary offer in time to negotiate your wages.

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Pharmaceutical Compounding and Dispensing


Pharmaceutical Compounding and Dispensing


This is a revision guide for students giving bullet points of basic information on pharmaceutical compounding and dispensing followed by questions and answers."Fast Track" is a new series of indispensable revision guides created especially for undergraduate pharmacy students.The content of each title focuses on what pharmacy students really need to know in order to pass exams, providing concise, bulleted information, key points, tips and an all-important self-assessment section which includes MCQs, case studies, sample essay questions and worked examples."The Fast Track" series provides the ultimate lecture notes and is a must-have for all pharmacy undergraduate students wanting to revise and test themselves for forthcoming exams.Based on the successful textbook, "Pharmaceutical Compounding and Dispensing", this book has been designed to assist the student compounder in understanding the key dosage forms encountered within extemporaneous dispensing.A Fast Track website will also be live at time of publication and will include MCQs, sample online content and much more.

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The pfizer guide to careers in Pharmacy


The pfizer guide to careers in Pharmacy


We are living in the most exciting period in the history of pharmaceuticals, as new options lead to new opportunities for those of us in the field and those about to join us. Pharmacists are at a zenith in our ability to manage, cure and prevent disease. Demographics in this country practically ensure a bright future for those entering the profession. We’re witnessing a double dynamic in our population: growth in the number of births and an extended lifespan for men and women.
The record number of baby-boomers graduating into Social Security pensioners has set the stage for an increased use of drugs. When Medicare kicks in for the largest group of elderly ever seen, there will be a pronounced increase in pharmaceutical usage. It is estimated that the number of Americans over 65, now 38 million, will mushroom to 80 million in the next decade. Add to the mix the continuing discovery of new drugs and it’s easy to understand why, over the next few years, the number of prescriptions dispensed is expected to more than double.

Sociology for Pharmacists: An Introduction


Sociology for Pharmacists: An Introduction


Sociology for Pharmacists provides undergraduate and postgraduate pharmacy students with a concise introduction to key sociological concepts, perspectives and research evidence pertaining to health, illness and professional practice. This book is timely given that pharmacists are encouraged to broaden their day-to-day practice, so that they become more involved with advising clients, managing medicines and supporting the promotion of health. In the light of developments in the 'extended role' of pharmacists, students of pharmacy are required to understand the social context of health, illness and professional practice. This text therefore provides a grounding in these topics, and as well as reviewing the relevant research, readers are directed towards additional reading. Key issues covered include: * Key sociological concepts and perspectives * Contemporary developments in pharmacy practice and pharmacy's professional status * A review of research in to the way people react to illness and look after their health * How and why illness and disease are influenced by gender, ethnicity, and social class * Health education and pharmacists' role in health promotion and in ensuring appropriate medicine usage * Social research methods

P & G Pharmacy Handbook, Second Edition


P & G Pharmacy Handbook, Second Edition


It is crucial that pharmacists understand the language of health care professionals and, in turn, can convey the information in an understandable fashion to patients. Procter & Gamble Pharmacist's Handbook, Second Edition facilitates this communication. Now, all in one place, you can have medical terms, abbreviations, and patient counseling principles right at your fingertips. The handbook begins with an Inverted Medical Dictionary to translate lay terminology to more technical vocabulary and an Eponyms section to translate medical terminology to language that is comprehensible to patients. The Dictionary shows how to analyze the medical terms by identifying its root, suffix, and prefix. This examination is supplemented with numerous tables of common roots, suffixes, and prefixes. The book concludes with a glossary of managed care terms that will help you understand the language of the insurance community. Another critical responsibility of a pharmacist is to clearly comprehend a prescription. The sections containing Medical Abbreviations and Terms Used in Prescription Writing will aid in this vital task. Also included in the handbook are general references, such as normal laboratory values, conversion factors, and weights and measures. These features make Procter & Gamble Pharmacist's Handbook, Second Edition a convenient and handy resource for the practicing pharmacist.

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Food and Drug Administration Advisory Committees


Food and Drug Administration Advisory Committees


Like many other agencies of the federal government, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) relies extensively on external advisory committees for independent scientific and technical advice. Recognizing that the existing advisory committee system is essentially sound, this volume recommends ways of enhancing the use of these committees in the evaluation of drugs, biological materials, and medical devices; strengthening the agency's management of the system; and increasing the accountability of the system to the public. In doing so, it examines and makes recommendations on such issues as the recruitment of committee members, the FDA's management of financial conflict of interest and intellectual bias among members, and the operations and management of the advisory committee system.

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Pharmacy Management: Essentials for All Practice Settings, Second Edition


Pharmacy Management: Essentials for All Practice Settings, Second Edition


If it's important to your pharmacy career you'll find it here Covering everything from operations management and purchasing to Medicare Part D, this complete guide explains vital pharmacy management topics across all practice settings.
More than any other text, Pharmacy Management reflects the challenges facing today's pharmacist. The book is filled with advice from the field's top experts who take you through the principles applicable to all aspects of pharmacy practice, from managing money to handling personal stress. Long after you've taken your last pharmacy college exam, you'll turn to Pharmacy Management for answers to make your pharmacy practice more professionally rewarding and personally enriching.

Features:

A scenario-based presentation combines practical solutions with evidence-based management theory and models, which are directly applied to cases and examples. .
Learning objectives and QAndAs appear in every chapter.
NEW chapters on: Leadership, Medicare Part D, and Financial Reports.
Important revisions to the chapters on Managing Technology and Information Systems and Reimbursement for Value-Added Pharmacy Services.

Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Calculations Tutorials - Australian Pharmacy Examining Council


Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Calculations Tutorials - Australian Pharmacy Examining Council


Two computer based educational modules were developed using the authoring package ToolBook Multimedia CBT Edition (Asymetrix Corporation), operating on a Windows® platform, and distributed on disk. They included tuition and assessment in the areas of pharmaceutical calculations (M1) and biopharmaceutics (M2) and were aimed at assisting overseas qualified pharmacists preparing for an Australian registration exam. Presented are the results of evaluations for the assessment programs' level of achievement of set educational objectives, frequency and patterns of use. Respondents (n=32) rated'high-very high' the extent to which the following objectives were met: encouragement of testing of tutorial knowledge (M1: 90.3%; M2: 90.0%); provision of practice using the examination question format (M1: 90.0%; M2: 96.5%); encouragement of review of tutorials based on test performance (M1: 83.9%; M2: 86.7%). The analysis of data disks (n=58) on assessment program use indicated: total tests: (M1: 1,713; M2: 1,152); questions attempted: (M1: 20,900; M2: 15,921); timer option used: this was selected in 36.9% of total tests; period of testing with timer (118.4h) and without timer (598.1h) (maximum allowable question time recorded). Overall, the assessment programs were found very valuable components of each module. They were perceived to have met their set objectives and were significantly used.

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McGraw-Hill's Pharmacy College Admission Test (PCAT)


McGraw-Hill's Pharmacy College Admission Test (PCAT)


Complete preparation for the more than 30,000 students taking the PCAT each year

The number of Pharmacy College Admission Test (PCAT) test takers has doubled since 2001-and that number continues to grow. McGraw-Hill's PCAT provides comprehensive review of every test topic while preparing you for the new format of the test that was instituted in June 2007. With sample tests, test-taking strategies, and intricate scientific illustrations, you'll have all the preparation you need to perform at your very best on test day.

The Merck Druggernaut: The Inside Story of a Pharmaceutical Giant


The Merck Druggernaut: The Inside Story of a Pharmaceutical Giant


An in-depth look at big pharma's flagship company
The Merck Druggernaut takes readers inside Merck, the world's second most profitable drug company and maker of the world's bestselling drug, Prilosec. Consistently named one of Fortune magazine's Most Admired Companies, Merck struggles to maintain its reputation for being the most ethical of the big drug makers, refusing to slash research and development budgets in the face of declining profits, falling stock market prices, and questionable accounting. Author Fran Hawthorne, one of the leading journalists covering healthcare, has written an excellent examination of a business paragon with much-needed insight on the cutthroat world of pharmaceuticals. It's a story that will interest the business world as well as consumer and healthcare advocates by detailing the vital issues in medicine and healthcare today. More than just a compelling story of success in a difficult industry, more than simply the biography of one of big business's most recognizable names, The Merck Druggernaut takes a thoughtful look at some of the major issues of our time and the way those issues intertwine with the world of business.
Fran Hawthorne (New York, NY) is the Assistant Managing Editor at Crain's New York Business. She has been covering business for more than twenty years for such publications as Fortune, BusinessWeek, and Institutional Investor, with a prevailing interest in healthcare and pharmaceuticals. At Crain's, she spearheads the publication of two to three special healthcare issues per year.

Applied Pharmaceutical Practice


Applied Pharmaceutical Practice


This is a comprehensive guide through the main stages of pharmaceutical dispensing.The textbook is designed to guide student pharmacists or pharmacy technicians through the main stages involved in pharmaceutical dispensing. It provides students with a core reference text to accompany the compulsory dispensing course found in all pharmacy undergraduate programmes, highlighting and explaining all key concepts behind the processes involved in pharmaceutical dispensing.

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Pharmacology Recall


Written with the busy medical student and house officer in mind, Pharmacology Recall minimizes the time spent reading and identifying important material and maximizes the time available for actual learning. As part of Lippincott Williams & Wilkins' Recall Series, Pharmacology Recall uses the concise, two-column question-and-answer format to facilitate quick learning. Common Board questions and mnemonics appear throughout the book to facilitate memorization and illustrations are provided to clarify important concepts. As an additional aid, a Pharmacology Power Review is included. This chapter presents a unique "bird's eye" view of pharmacology and can be used to review large amounts of high-yield information quickly before medical school and USMLE exams.

Pharmacy Case Studies


Pharmacy Case Studies


Whilst most pharmacy undergraduate texts are subject specific, "Pharmacy Case Studies" encourages students to take an integral approach to pharmacy via a series of pharmacy cases. Knowledge gained within the individual areas of law and ethics, pharmaceutics, pharmacology and pathology are tested by each example, bringing together all areas taught on the degree course. Each chapter contains five case studies, starting with uncomplicated cases and increasing in complexity as they expand.

Public Relations for Pharmacists


Public Relations for Pharmacists


Equips pharmacy professionals with the tools necessary to advance their practice through public relations. The first book designed specifically for pharmacists, it explains how to work with the media; how to write news releases, public service announcements, and op-ed pieces; how to prepare for media interviews; how to work with PR agencies; and how to become involved in the community. The book contains lists of public relations do's and don'ts, points to consider, and tips for succeeding. Examples of successful PR activities and campaign and sample news release, public service announcement, op-ed article, and media pitch letter are also included.

MCQs in Pharmaceutical Calculations


MCQs in Pharmaceutical Calculations


This is a revision guide in calculations for pharmacy students and registration trainees. This text is part of the RPS "Tomorrow's Pharmacist" series. The pharmaceutical societies of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (RPSGB and PSNI) have introduced compulsory calculations elements into the registration examinations. These sections must be passed independently of the rest of the examination with a mark of 70 per cent. The authors of this text actually set the calculation questions for the PSNI preregistration exam and are therefore aware of the standards required and the type of questions asked; making this an essential revision textbook for students taking this exam. This text is part of the RPS "Tomorrow's Pharmacist" series following the same style/design as these texts, which are all aimed at graduating students and preregistration trainees (titles currently include: "Registration Exam Questions", "The Preregistration Interview" and "Hospital Preregistration Training").

Pharmacy Student Survival Guide


Pharmacy Student Survival Guide


The book every pharmacy student must own!

Pharmacy Student Survival Guide is a one-of-a-kind roadmap for excelling in pharmacy practice courses. A combination calculations, kinetics, drug information, medical terminology, and laboratory data book all in one, the Guide helps you organize case information, improve problem-solving skills, learn terminology, and impress faculty during rounds.

Pharmacy Student Survival Guide is presented in three sections that span the entire pharmacy curriculum:

Systems and Expectations covering ethics, communication, monitoring drug therapy, and regulatory agencies, Patient Care Tool Box covering medical terminology, pharmacokinetics, laboratory data, and physical assessment, Topics in Pharmacy Practice covering Drug Information and Drug Literature Evaluation, Community/Ambulatory Care, Institutional Pharmacy Practice, Public Health, Reducing Health Disparities Through Domestic and Global Outreach to the Undeserved, Valuable for both introductory and advanced practice course, Pharmacy Student Survival Guide is a book you will turn to throughout your entire pharmacy education.

Pharmaceutical Biotechnology


Pharmaceutical Biotechnology


Conceiving an up-to-date pharmaceutical biotechnology textbook thattrains next-generation pharmacy students, as well as updating pharmacists and pharmaceutical scientists … is a formidable challenge, and one which the editors … have accomplished to a high standard … . … [Many chapters] contain industrial case-studies of blockbuster drugs, thus giving this textbook an industrial scope that is difficult to find elsewhere. All the chapters are easy to read and well illustrated to aid understanding of the interdisciplinary content. Each chapter is authored by experts in the field and contains a good introductory section and an in-depth discussion of each topic.

The field of pharmaceutical biotechnology is a rapidly evolving subject. A whole new arsenal of protein pharmaceuticals is being produced by recombinant techniques for a spectrum of serious diseases such as cancer, viral infectionscardiovascular and hereditary disorders. In addition, we are confronted with new technologies such as polymerase chain reactions, combinatorial chemistry and gene therapy.

Completely revised and updated, this introductory textbook provides extensive coverage of both the basic science and the applications of biotechnology-produced pharmaceuticals, with special emphasis on their clinical use.

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Modern Pharmaceutics, Fifth Edition, Volume 2: Applications and Advances


Modern Pharmaceutics, Fifth Edition, Volume 2: Applications and Advances


Volume 2 discusses the applications and approaches in advanced drug delivery systems, including transdermal, pulmonary, and ocular routes. In addition, it describes the impact of the shift to personalized medicines in the fields of pharmaceutical biotechnology, pharmacogenomics, and nanotechnology.

DELIVERY OF DRUGS BY THE PULMONARY ROUTE - Covers the interaction between the physical chemistry of the formulations and administered particles with the anatomy of the bronchial and alveolar regions

PEDIATRIC AND GERIATRIC PHARMACEUTICS - Addresses the physiological changes, design, and production of formulations for each of these patient populations

BIOEQUIVALENCE EVALUATION - Covers how to measure the bioequivalence of the same drug in quick-release tablet, capsule, or sustained-release form, as well as branded and generic systems

TARGET-ORIENTED DELIVERY SYSTEMS - Explores the challenges of designing delivery systems that target specific sites in the body and cause fewer side effects through interaction with non-diseased tissues.

Wednesday, February 17, 2010

A to Z Drug Facts


A to Z Drug Facts

Annual pocket-sized reference presents the newest FDA approvals, latest indications, dosages, side effects, and patient care considerations. Includes current data on more than 3,000 drugs. RX, over-the-counter, and investigational and orphan drugs are also included as well as protocols and guidelines.

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http://rapidshare.com/files/43741319/A_to_Z_Drug_Facts.rar

Drug Facts and Comparisons 2007


Drug Facts and Comparisons 2007


Drug Facts and Comparisons contains up-to-date, comprehensive information on over 22,000 Rx and almost 6,000 OTC items grouped by therapeutic category for ease of comparison. The annual hardbound edition features the Color Locator, a full-color section of photos of the most frequently prescribed tablets and capsules organized by color for easy visual identification. The book answers questions about: actions, indications and contraindications; warnings and precautions; interactions between drugs; adverse reactions; administration, dosage, and overdosage; patient information. Comparisons are provided: Of drug to drug; of different dosage forms; name brands are compared to name brands and to generics. Facts and Comparisons are also given on Centers for Disease Control biologicals and antiparasitic drugs; IV solutions; therapeutic and diagnostic ophthalmic preparations; diagnostic aids and radiographic contrast media and products; NCI investigational chemotherapeutic drugs; combination cancer chemotherapy regimens.

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Indian Medicinal Plants: An Illustrated Dictionary


Indian Medicinal Plants: An Illustrated Dictionary


In 2004, Springer-Verlag Heidelberg published C.P.Khare’s "Encyclopedia of Indian Medicinal Plants" which contained 400 monographs comprising classical as well as contemporary research findings.
"Indian Medicinal Plants. An Illustrated Dictionary" is the second major one-volume reference work by C.P.Khare which has been dedicated to the distinguished scientist, Dr. A.P.J.Abdul Kalam, who did pioneering work by reviving the glory of medicinal and aromatic plants in Rashtrapati Bhavan.
Scientific monographs of "The Wealth of India" series (17 volumes) have been capsulised in the dictionary and corroborated with the judicious findings of German Commission E, European Cooperative on Phytotherapy (ESCOP) and WHO. Therapeutic leads, active indications and contraindications are salient features of the core text. These are based on herbal pharmacopoeias, compendiums and latest editions of standard reference works like "PDR for Herbal Medicines," "(Laurance)Review of Natural Products", "Natural Medicines ComprehensiveDatabase". Leads for further research have been provided at a number of places.
The Dictionary is the first updated source of Ayurvedic, Unani and Siddha synonyms of their botanical counterparts, after a gap of more than 30 years. The synonyms which appeared in "The Wealth of India" series (1948-1976) and in Chopra’s "Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants" (1956) have been updated till January, 2007.
More than 2000 medicinal plants of "The Ayurvedic Formulary of India" and "The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India" and more than 100 species of non-Indian origin, incorporated in "National Formulary of Unani Medicine" have been covered in the Dictionary. Divergent sources of Ayurvedic, Unani and Siddha herbs have been identified and a number of controversies have been sorted out.
Pharmacognosy experts have selected important herbs, which were specially collected from leading pharamaceutical companies and pharmacopoeial laboratories and included in the dictionary as four colour photographs under the "Crude Herb Identification Guide" section. This is a unique feature and makes it an exclusive treat.
The Dictionary has been presented in a user-friendly format, as a compact, handy, easy to use and moderately priced one-volume reference work. It unfolds hidden virtues and potentials of Indian herbs for busy professionals, researchers, practitioners of herbal as well as modern medicine, and library frequenters. It will prove a ready information source for students of botany, economic botany, pharmacy, agricultural and medical sciences, who aspire to have an edge over others and are keen to keep themselves abreast of the times.